Xi Jinping F., Vladimir. Putin
President of the People's Republic of China, President of the Russian Federation

Joint statement of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era

At the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, President Xi Jinping of the People's Republic of China paid a state visit to the Russian Federation from March 2023 to 3, 20. The two heads of state held talks in Moscow. President Xi Jinping also met with Prime Minister Mishustin of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"), declare the following:

One — With the unremitting efforts of both sides, the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era has reached the highest level in history and has continued to develop. The two sides reaffirmed the development of bilateral relations in accordance with the principles and spirit set forth in the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation signed on July 2001, 7, the Joint Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the 16th Anniversary of the Signing of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation issued on June 2021, 6, and the Joint Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on International Relations and Global Sustainable Development in the New Era issued on February 28, 20.

The two sides pointed out that China-Russia relations are not a military-political alliance similar to the Cold War era, but go beyond this model of state-to-state relations and have the nature of non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting of third countries. The relationship between China and Russia is mature, stable, independent and tenacious, withstanding the test of the new corona epidemic and the changing international situation, free from external influences, and showing vitality. The friendship between the two peoples from generation to generation has a solid foundation, and all-round cooperation between the two countries has broad prospects. Russia needs a prosperous and stable China, and China needs a strong and successful Russia.

China and Russia regard each other as priority partners, always respect each other and treat each other as equals, becoming a model for today's relations between major countries. Under the guidance of the head of state's diplomacy, the two sides have maintained close exchanges at all levels, in-depth communication on major issues of mutual concern, enhanced mutual trust, ensured that bilateral relations operate at a high level, and are willing to further deepen bilateral relations and develop dialogue mechanisms in various fields.

The two sides pointed out that the current world changes are accelerating evolution, the international pattern is profoundly adjusted, peace, development, cooperation and win-win results are irresistible historical trends, the multipolar international pattern is taking shape at an accelerated pace, the status of emerging markets and developing countries has generally increased, and the number of regional powers with global influence and determined to defend their legitimate rights and interests is increasing. At the same time, hegemonism, unilateralism and protectionism are still rampant, and the replacement of universally recognized principles and norms of international law with a "rules-based order" is unacceptable.

The principles of universality, openness, inclusiveness, non-discrimination and balance should be upheld to achieve a multipolar world and sustainable development for all countries. China and Russia call on all countries to promote the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom for all mankind, to engage in dialogue rather than confrontation, inclusiveness rather than exclusion, to live in harmony and win-win cooperation and promote world peace and development.

Under this situation, the two sides maintain close diplomatic coordination, carry out close multilateral cooperation, resolutely safeguard fairness and justice, and promote the building of a new type of international relations.

The two sides stressed that consolidating and deepening the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era is a strategic choice made by the two sides based on their respective national conditions, which conforms to the fundamental interests of the two countries and peoples, conforms to the trend of development of the times, and is not subject to external influences. The Parties will:

■ Guided by the consensus of the two heads of state, ensure that bilateral relations always move in the right direction.

■ Firmly supporting each other in safeguarding their core interests, first and foremost sovereignty, territorial integrity, security and development.

■ Adhering to the principle of mutual benefit, continue to deepen and expand pragmatic cooperation in the process of modernization, achieve common development and prosperity, and better benefit the Chinese and Russian peoples.

■ Promoting mutual understanding between the two peoples and constantly consolidating the foundation of social and public opinion for the friendship between the two countries for generations to come.

■ Promoting world multipolarization, economic globalization and democracy in international relations, and promoting the development of global governance in a more just and rational direction.


Two — The two sides pointed out that each country has the right to independently choose its development path due to its own history, culture and national conditions. There is no superior "democracy", and the two sides oppose the imposition of their own values, the demarcation of ideology, the hypocritical narrative of so-called "democracy against authoritarianism", and the use of democracy and freedom as an excuse and political tool to put pressure on other countries. Russia attaches great importance to China's global civilization initiative.

The two sides pointed out that the realization of human rights for all is the common pursuit of human society. All countries have the right to independently choose the path of human rights development, and different civilizations and countries should respect each other, tolerate each other, exchange with each other and learn from each other. The two sides will unswervingly advance the cause of human rights in their own countries and in the world.

Russia supports China's realization of Chinese-style modernization. China supports Russia in achieving its national development goals before 2030.

The two sides oppose interference by external forces in internal affairs.

The Russian side reaffirms its adherence to the one-China principle, recognizes Taiwan as an inalienable part of China's territory, opposes any form of "Taiwan independence", and firmly supports China's measures to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

The two sides agreed to strengthen the exchange of foreign-related rule of law and legislative experience to provide legal guarantees for the development of China-Russia relations and foreign cooperation between the two countries.

The two sides will continue to conduct mutual trust dialogue between the central government and its subordinate agencies, as well as high-level representatives within the framework of strategic security consultations and law enforcement and security cooperation mechanisms. The two sides will promote exchanges between the political parties of the two countries.

The two sides agreed to hold an annual meeting of the ministers of public security and interior affairs to strengthen cooperation in law enforcement in preventing "color revolutions", cracking down on the "three forces" including the "East Turkestan Islamic Movement", transnational organized crime, economic crimes, drug crimes and other law enforcement fields.

The two sides will regularly organize joint maritime and air cruises and joint exercises and training, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two militaries, including under existing bilateral mechanisms, and further deepen military mutual trust.

The two sides attach great importance to safeguarding the security and rights and interests of overseas personnel and institutions of the two countries, and will further promote the construction of bilateral and multilateral mechanisms and counterpart exchanges, and continuously expand the ways and fields of cooperation in the security protection of overseas citizens, projects and institutions.


Three — The two sides will strengthen coordination, implement precise policies, and proceed from a strategic height to effectively enhance the level of pragmatic cooperation between the two countries in various fields, so as to consolidate the material foundation of bilateral relations and benefit the two peoples.

The two sides will consolidate the momentum of bilateral trade growth, continue to optimize the trade structure, implement the Roadmap for the High-quality Development of China-Russia Trade in Goods and Services, support the development of e-commerce, cultivate new economic and trade growth points, expand the breadth of economic and trade cooperation, improve the efficiency of cooperation, minimize external risks, and ensure the stability and security of the industrial chain and supply chain. The two sides will deepen local cooperation, broaden cooperation areas and fields, and promote exchanges and cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises of the two sides.

The two sides will steadily promote investment cooperation in various fields, optimize the business environment, improve legal guarantees, innovate cooperation methods, and deepen cooperation in digital economy and green and sustainable development. The two sides will continue to promote the preparation of the new version of the Outline of the China-Russia Investment Cooperation Plan.

The two sides welcome the Joint Statement on Initiating Negotiations on the Upgrading of the Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Russian Federation on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments signed on November 2022, 12, issued by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation on 5 December 2006, and will continue negotiations on this to enhance the level of investment protection, promote investment facilitation, and create a more stable, fair, transparent and predictable business environment for investors and their investments.

The two sides will continue to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in the financial sector, including ensuring smooth settlement between economic entities of the two countries and supporting the expansion of the use of local currencies in bilateral trade, investment, credit and other economic and trade activities.

The two sides will forge a closer energy partnership, support companies to advance energy cooperation projects in oil and gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, etc., and promote initiatives that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including the use of low-emission energy and renewable energy. The two sides will jointly safeguard international energy security, including critical cross-border infrastructure, maintain the stability of the energy product industry chain and supply chain, promote a fair energy transition and low-carbon development based on the principle of technology neutrality, and jointly contribute to the long-term healthy and stable development of the global energy market.

The two sides will continue to carry out practical cooperation in civil aviation manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, metallurgy and other areas of common interest.

The two sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of transportation, improve cross-border infrastructure, improve port capacity, and ensure the stable operation of ports. The two sides will continue to support China-EU transit Russia in carrying out rail and sea cargo transportation to improve transportation efficiency.

The two sides will deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of space, including the implementation of the Outline of Space Cooperation between the State Space Administration of the People's Republic of China and the State Space Corporation of the Russian Federation for 2023-2027.

The two sides will actively create facilities to enhance the diversity and availability of agricultural products and grains to be exported to each other.

The two sides support the holding of the 2023th China-Russia Expo in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

China supports the promotion of the integration process within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, and Russia supports the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. The two sides will work together to actively promote the docking and cooperation between the "Belt and Road" and the Eurasian Economic Union, and strengthen the connectivity of Asia and Europe. The two sides will continue to implement the Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation between the People's Republic of China and the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 2018, 5.

The two sides are willing to continue to promote the parallel and coordinated development of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Greater Eurasian Partnership, promote the process of bilateral and multilateral integration, and benefit the people of all countries in Eurasia.

The two sides attach great importance to the implementation of the 2015 Medium-term Roadmap for the Development of Trilateral Cooperation between the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and Mongolia and the 2016 Outline Plan for the Construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, so as to further deepen the trilateral package of cooperation, and will actively promote the further integration of this promising mechanism with regional organizations and mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union. The two sides will work together to promote the study and consultation of the new China-Mongolia-Russia natural gas pipeline project.

The two sides agreed to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of anti-money laundering, including coordination under multilateral frameworks.


Four — The two sides oppose the politicization of international humanitarian cooperation and discrimination against people in the fields of culture, education, science and sports on the grounds of nationality, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national or social origin.

The two sides will strive to restore and expand offline people-to-people exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, and continuously consolidate the friendship between the two peoples and the social foundation of bilateral relations.

The two sides will deepen educational cooperation, promote two-way study abroad to improve quality and efficiency, encourage cooperation between universities, support the construction of similar university alliances and secondary school alliances between China and Russia, promote cooperative school-running and vocational education exchanges, deepen language teaching cooperation, enhance student exchanges between the two countries, and carry out digital education cooperation.

　　五 (Five) — 双方将深化科技创新领域互利合作，扩大行业人才交流，发挥基础研究、应用研究、科技成果产业化等方面合作潜力，聚焦科技前沿领域及全球发展共性问题联合攻关，包括应对及适应气候变化问题。在人工智能、物联网、5G、数字经济、低碳经济等技术与产业领域探索合作新模式。

　　双方将加强两国博物馆、图书馆、美术馆、剧院等文化、文学、艺术机构交流交往。双方将拓展旅游合作和往来，鼓励构建舒适旅游环境。

　　双方将深化医疗卫生领域合作，扩大科研和高等医学教育领域交往，加强药品和医疗器械监管领域交流合作，在灾害医学、传染病、肿瘤学、核医学、妇幼保健、眼科、精神病学等领域开展合作，在世界卫生组织、金砖国家、上海合作组织、二十国集团、亚太经合组织等多边平台加强相关合作。

　　双方将继续开展卫生防疫合作，应对疫情威胁。双方将共同反对借在国际组织框架内形成具有法律约束力的机制，谋求限制各国在传染病防治及预警和应对生物威胁方面主权权利的企图。

　　双方高度评价2022-2023年中俄体育交流年取得的积极成果，将继续加强各领域体育合作，促进两国体育运动事业共同发展。中方支持俄方2024年在俄罗斯喀山举办国际电子竞技赛事“未来运动会”。双方反对体育政治化，希望发挥体育独特作用，促进团结与和平。

　　双方欢迎国际奥委会和亚奥理事会有关倡议和决定，共同捍卫奥林匹克价值观，愿为符合条件的各国运动员搭建良好参赛平台。

　　双方将继续加强在海洋科学研究、海洋生态保护、海洋防灾减灾、海洋装备研发等领域合作，持续深化在极地科学研究、环境保护和组织科考等方面务实合作，为全球海洋治理贡献更多公共产品。

　　双方愿携手提升应急管理合作水平，在航空救援技术、应急监测预警、人才培养等领域开展合作，组织包括边境地区在内的应急救援联演联训，加强海上搜救信息共享与合作。

　　双方愿加强广播电视网络视听领域政策沟通合作，促进联合制作、节目互播、技术研发应用等合作，推动产业共同发展。

　　双方同意加强媒体、智库、出版、社科、档案、文艺等领域交流合作。

　　双方将在加强青年思想道德教育方面开展合作，为两国青少年自我成才、创业、创新、创意和其他成长型活动提供机遇，加强两国青年直接交往，拓展联合青年项目。

　　双方将继续开展志愿服务、创业、产业创新和创意、少儿团体等领域的双边活动，在联合国、金砖国家、上海合作组织、亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议和二十国集团框架内多边青年平台上相互协调，进一步深化协作。

Five (五) — The two sides will deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of science and technology innovation, expand the exchange of talents in the industry, exploit the potential for cooperation in basic research, applied research, and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and focus on joint research in frontier areas of science and technology and common problems of global development, including addressing and adapting to climate change. [The two sides will] explore new modes of cooperation in the fields of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, 5G, digital economy, low-carbon economy and other technologies and industries.

　　The two sides will strengthen exchanges and contacts between museums, libraries, art galleries, theaters and other cultural, literary and artistic institutions of the two countries. The two sides will expand tourism cooperation and exchanges and encourage the construction of a comfortable tourism environment.

　　The two sides will deepen cooperation in the field of medical and health care, expand contacts in scientific research and higher medical education, strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of drug and medical device regulation, cooperate in the fields of disaster medicine, infectious diseases, oncology, nuclear medicine, maternal and child health care, ophthalmology, psychiatry, etc., and strengthen relevant cooperation in multilateral platforms such as the World Health Organization, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, G20 and APEC.

　　The two sides will continue to cooperate in health and epidemic prevention to address the threat of epidemics. The sides will jointly oppose attempts to limit the sovereign rights of countries in the field of infectious disease control and early warning and response to biological threats through the formation of legally binding mechanisms within the framework of international organizations.

　　The sides highly valued the positive results of the 2022-2023 Russian-Chinese sports exchange year and will continue to strengthen sports cooperation in various fields and promote the joint development of sports in both countries. China supports the Russian side in hosting the international e-Sports event "Future Games" in Kazan, Russia in 2024. The two sides oppose the politicization of sports and hope to play a unique role in promoting unity and peace.

　　The two sides welcome the initiatives and decisions of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia to jointly defend Olympic values and are willing to build a good platform for qualified athletes from all countries to participate.

　　The two sides will continue to strengthen cooperation in marine scientific research, marine ecological protection, marine disaster prevention and mitigation, and marine equipment research and development, and continue to deepen practical cooperation in polar scientific research, environmental protection and organization of scientific research, so as to contribute more public products to global ocean governance.

　　The two sides are willing to work together to improve the level of cooperation in emergency management, cooperate in such fields as aviation rescue technology, emergency monitoring and early warning, and personnel training, organize joint exercises and training in emergency rescue, including in border areas, and strengthen information sharing and cooperation in maritime search and rescue.

　　The two sides are willing to strengthen policy communication and cooperation in the field of radio, television and network audiovisual, promote cooperation in co-production, mutual broadcasting of programs, technology research and application, and promote common development of the industry.

　　The two sides agree to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the fields of media, think tanks, publishing, social science, archives, literature and arts.

　　The two sides will cooperate in strengthening ideological and moral education for youth, provide opportunities for youth of the two countries for self-achievement, entrepreneurship, innovation, creativity and other growth-oriented activities, strengthen direct contacts between youth of the two countries and expand joint youth programs.

　　The two sides will continue bilateral activities in the fields of volunteerism, entrepreneurship, industrial innovation and creativity, children's groups, etc., coordinate with each other and further deepen collaboration on multilateral youth platforms within the framework of the United Nations, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia and the G20.

　　六 (Six) — 双方重申致力于坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，反对一切形式的霸权主义、单边主义、强权政治，反对冷战思维，反对阵营对抗，反对搞针对特定国家的小圈子。

　　俄方指出，中方关于构建人类命运共同体的理念对加强国际社会团结、合力应对共同挑战具有积极意义。中方积极评价俄方为推动构建公正的多极化国际关系所作建设性不懈努力。

　　双方支持建设开放型世界经济，维护以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，促进贸易和投资自由化、便利化，呼吁打造开放、公平、公正、非歧视的发展环境，反对单边主义和保护主义行为，反对“筑墙设垒”、“脱钩断链”，反对单边制裁和极限施压。

　　俄方高度评价全球发展倡议，将继续参与“全球发展倡议之友小组”工作。双方将继续推动国际社会聚焦发展问题，增加发展投入，共同推动联合国可持续发展目标峰会取得积极成果，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程。

　　双方对国际安全面临的严峻挑战深表关切，认为各国人民命运与共，任何国家都不应以他国安全为代价实现自身安全。双方呼吁国际社会本着共商共建原则积极参与全球安全治理，切实巩固全球战略稳定和维护共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全，用好军控、裁军和防扩散等国际机制。为此，双方重申有必要综合施策，与时俱进完善国际安全架构，赋予其更强韧性。该架构的核心支柱之一应是商定并恪守在当前历史阶段和平共处的原则和规定，将国与国之间发生冲突的可能性降至最低。联合国安理会常任理事国对维护世界和平稳定负有特殊责任，更应最大限度避免冲突。

　　双方谴责一切形式的恐怖主义，致力于推动国际社会建立以联合国为核心的全球反恐统一战线，反对将打击恐怖主义和极端主义问题政治化、采取“双重标准”，谴责打着打击国际恐怖主义和极端主义旗号以及利用恐怖和极端组织干涉别国内政、实现地缘政治目的的行径。应对“北溪”管线爆炸事件进行客观、公正、专业的调查。

　　双方决心继续在地区和全球安全事务中密切协作，包括共同落实全球安全倡议，就重大国际和地区问题及时交换意见、协调立场，为维护世界和平与安全贡献力量。

　　双方为应对新冠疫情全球大流行、维护两国和世界人民生命安全和身体健康开展了富有成效的双多边合作。双方支持两国深化疫情信息交流，加强在世界卫生组织等平台协调配合，共同反对病毒溯源政治化图谋。

Six (六) — The sides reaffirmed their commitment to firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, oppose all forms of hegemonism, unilateralism, power politics, the Cold War mentality, confrontation between camps, and small circles targeting specific countries.

　　The Russian side noted that China's idea of building a community of human destiny is of positive significance for strengthening the unity of the international community and joint efforts to address common challenges. China positively assesses the Russian side's constructive and tireless efforts to promote the construction of just and multipolar international relations.

　　The two sides support building an open world economy, upholding the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, promoting trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, calling for an open, fair, just and non-discriminatory development environment, opposing unilateralism and protectionist behavior, and opposing "building walls and barriers," and also oppose unilateral sanctions and extreme pressure.

　　The Russian side highly values the Global Development Initiative and will continue to participate in the work of the Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative. The sides will continue to promote the international community's focus on development issues, increase investment in development, jointly promote positive results of the UN Summit on Sustainable Development Goals, and accelerate the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

　　The two sides expressed their deep concern over the serious challenges to international security and believed that all peoples share the same fate and that no country should achieve its own security at the expense of the security of others. The sides call on the international community to actively participate in global security governance on the basis of the principle of joint efforts, to effectively consolidate global strategic stability and maintain common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and to make good use of international mechanisms for arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. To this end, the two sides reiterated the need for a comprehensive approach to improve the international security architecture with the times and make it more resilient. One of the core pillars of this architecture should be agreement on and adherence to the principles and provisions of peaceful coexistence at the current stage of history, minimizing the possibility of conflict between states. The permanent members of the UN Security Council have a special responsibility for the maintenance of peace and stability in the world, all the more reason to avoid conflict to the maximum extent possible.

　　The two sides condemn all forms of terrorism, are committed to promoting the establishment of a united front of the international community against terrorism with the United Nations at its core, oppose the politicization of the issue of combating terrorism and extremism and the adoption of "double standards", and condemn the use of terrorist and extremist organizations to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries and achieve geopolitical goals under the banner of combating international terrorism and extremism. We condemn the use of terrorist and extremist organizations to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries and achieve geopolitical goals under the pretext of combating international terrorism and extremism. An objective, impartial and professional investigation should be conducted into the Nord Stream pipeline explosion.

　　The two sides are determined to continue close cooperation in regional and global security affairs, including joint implementation of global security initiatives, timely exchange of views and coordination of positions on major international and regional issues, and to contribute to the maintenance of world peace and security.

　　The two sides have carried out fruitful bilateral and multilateral cooperation to address the global pandemic of the new corona epidemic and to safeguard the lives, safety and health of the people of both countries and the world. The two sides supported the deepening of information exchange on the epidemic between the two countries, strengthening coordination and cooperation at the World Health Organization and other platforms, and jointly opposing attempts to politicize the traceability of the virus.

　　七 (Seven) — 双方将继续密切协作，推动上海合作组织在维护所在地区和平、安全与稳定方面发挥更大作用和影响。双方将同其他成员国一道完善上海合作组织现阶段工作，有效应对新挑战和新威胁，深化亚欧地区经贸、人文领域多边互利合作。

　　俄方高度赞赏中方成功主办金砖国家领导人第十四次会晤。双方愿同金砖国家其他成员共同努力，落实历次金砖国家领导人会晤共识，深化各领域务实合作，积极推动金砖国家和新开发银行扩员相关讨论，积极开展“金砖+”合作和金砖外围对话，维护新兴市场和发展中国家共同利益。

　　双方将加强在中俄印、中俄蒙以及东亚峰会、东盟地区论坛、东盟防长扩大会等平台的协作。中俄将就深化同东盟合作加强协调，继续推动巩固东盟在地区架构中的中心地位。

　　双方认为，应进一步加强联合国教科文组织作为政府间人文交流普遍性平台的作用，维护真正的多边主义，推动该平台上相互尊重的专业对话，促进成员国高效沟通，达成共识，增进团结。双方鼓励联合国教科文组织同上海合作组织基于《上海合作组织秘书处与联合国教科文组织合作谅解备忘录》就共同关心的问题加强合作。

　　双方致力于加强在二十国集团等多边机制下相互协调，推动二十国集团应对国际经济金融突出挑战，完善公正合理的全球经济治理体系，更好反映世界经济格局，提升新兴市场和发展中国家代表性和发言权。双方支持非洲联盟加入二十国集团。

　　双方将加强在亚太经合组织框架下协调配合，推动全面平衡落实布特拉加亚愿景，推动2040年建成开放、活力、强韧、和平的亚太共同体。

　　双方将就支持以世界贸易组织规则为基础的多边贸易体系、打击包括非法单边贸易限制在内的贸易保护主义加强协作，就世界贸易组织改革等世界贸易组织议程加强对话，特别是推动在2024年前恢复争端解决机制正常运转，推动投资便利化、电子商务等联合倡议谈判成果落地，使世界贸易组织在全球经济治理方面发挥更大作用。

　　双方坚决谴责将多边平台政治化，以及某些国家在多边平台议程中塞入无关问题、冲淡相关机制首要任务的企图。

Seven — The two sides stressed the importance of the Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States on the Prevention of Nuclear War and the Avoidance of an Arms Race, and reaffirmed that "a nuclear war cannot be won and cannot be fought". The two sides call on all signatories to the Joint Statement to follow the concept of the Statement in order to effectively reduce the risk of nuclear war and avoid any armed conflict between nuclear-weapon States. In the context of the deterioration of relations between nuclear-weapon States, measures to reduce strategic risks should be organically integrated into the overall effort to reduce tensions, build more constructive relations and resolve contradictions in the field of security to the greatest extent. All nuclear-weapon States should refrain from deploying nuclear weapons outside their territories and should withdraw their nuclear weapons deployed outside their territories.

The two sides reaffirmed that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is the cornerstone of the international nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation regime. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to the Treaty and will continue to cooperate in upholding and strengthening the Treaty and maintaining world peace and security.

The two sides expressed serious concern about the consequences and risks to regional strategic stability of the Trilateral Security Partnership (AUKUS) established by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia and related nuclear-powered submarine cooperation plans. The two sides strongly urge AUKUS member states to strictly comply with their obligations on the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery and to maintain regional peace, stability and development.

The two sides expressed grave concern over Japan's plan to discharge radioactive contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident into the sea this year, and stressed the need for transparent and full consultation between Japan and other stakeholders such as neighboring countries and relevant international institutions. The two sides urge Japan to properly dispose of radiologically contaminated water in a scientific, transparent and safe manner, and accept long-term supervision by the International Atomic Energy Agency and relevant countries, so as to effectively protect the marine environment and the health rights and interests of the people of all countries.

The two sides reaffirmed the importance of the early restoration of the complete and effective implementation of the JCPOA and UNSCR 2231, and called on all parties concerned to make political decisions and promote the resumption of negotiations on the implementation of the JCPOA to achieve positive results.

The two sides reaffirmed that the Biological Weapons Convention should be fully adhered to and continuously strengthened, institutionalized and concluded with a legally binding protocol with an effective verification mechanism. The two sides expressed grave concern over the biomilitary activities of the United States that seriously threaten other countries and undermine the security of the relevant regions within or outside its territory, and requested the United States to clarify in this regard, refrain from carrying out all biological activities that violate the Biological Weapons Convention, and no longer obstruct the establishment of a compliance verification mechanism within the framework of the Convention.

The two sides are committed to the goal of a world free of chemical weapons and express deep concern over the politicization of the OPCW. The two sides urged the United States, as the only State party that has not completed the destruction of chemical weapons, to accelerate the destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles, and urged Japan to complete the destruction of abandoned chemical weapons in China as soon as possible.

China and Russia expressed concern about the United States accelerating the construction of the global anti-missile system and deploying anti-missile systems around the world, strengthening incapacitating high-precision non-nuclear weapons strategic strike capabilities, promoting the deployment of land-based intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific region and Europe and providing them to its allies, and urged the United States to stop undermining international and regional security and global strategic stability in order to maintain its unilateral military superiority.

China and Russia oppose the attempts of certain countries to transform outer space into a territory of military confrontation, and oppose the use of outer space to achieve military superiority and military action. The two sides advocate the early commencement of negotiations on a legally binding multilateral instrument on the basis of the draft Sino-Russian Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and the Threat or Use of Force against Space Objects, so as to provide fundamental and reliable safeguards for the prevention of an arms race in outer space, the weaponization of outer space and the threat or use of force against outer space objects. The two sides endorse the global implementation of international initiatives/political commitments of no first deployment of weapons in outer space in order to consolidate international peace, ensure equitable and indivisible universal security, and enhance the predictability and sustainability of the research and use of outer space for peaceful purposes by all countries.

The two sides attach great importance to the issue of AI governance and are willing to strengthen exchanges and cooperation on AI issues.

The two sides oppose the militarization of information and communication technologies and the restriction of normal information and communication and technology development and cooperation, and support the establishment of a multilateral, fair and transparent global Internet governance system on the premise of ensuring the sovereignty and security of Internet governance of all countries. The two sides welcome the work of the UN Open Working Group on Security and Information Security in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies 2021-2025 as the only UN process in the field of international information security. The two sides believe that a new and responsible national code of conduct in information cyberspace should be formulated, especially universal international legal instruments. China's Global Data Security Initiative and Russia's concept paper on the International Convention on Information Security will make important contributions to the formulation of relevant norms. The two sides support the elaboration by the United Nations Ad Hoc Committee of a comprehensive international convention against the use of information and communication technologies for criminal purposes.


Eight — The two sides have taken strong measures to cope with and adapt to climate change, actively cooperated, built and operated a greenhouse gas emission trading system, voluntarily implemented climate projects, and exchanged experience among countries and regions on global warming mitigation and adaptation, making important contributions.

The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to the objectives, principles and provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, adherence to true multilateralism, and the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement. The two sides stressed that accelerating financial support from developed countries to developing countries is critical to strengthening mitigation actions and addressing inequalities in access to finance. The two sides oppose the erection of trade barriers and the politicization of climate issues on the grounds of addressing climate change.

The two sides highly appreciate the outcome of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, chaired by China, and hope that it will make positive contributions to promoting the global biodiversity governance process. The two sides firmly promote international cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity, actively implement the goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and jointly promote the harmonious development of man and nature to contribute to global sustainable development.


Nine — The two sides believe that the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations must be respected and international law must be respected. The Russian side spoke positively of China's objective and fair position on the Ukraine issue. The two sides oppose any country or group of countries seeking military, political or other superiority that harms the legitimate security interests of other countries. The Russian side reiterated its commitment to resuming peace talks as soon as possible, and China appreciates this. The Russian side welcomes China's willingness to play an active role in resolving the Ukrainian crisis through political and diplomatic means, and welcomes the constructive propositions set out in the document "China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis". The two sides pointed out that the solution to the Ukraine crisis must respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, and prevent confrontation [between] the camps [that] add fuel to the fire. The two sides stressed that responsible dialogue is the best way to resolve the issue steadily. To that end, the international community should support relevant constructive efforts. The two sides call on all parties to stop all actions that contribute to the tense situation and the prolongation of the fighting to prevent the crisis from worsening or even getting out of control. The two sides oppose any unilateral sanctions not authorized by the UN Security Council.

The two sides urge NATO to abide by its commitments as a regional and defensive organization, and call on NATO to respect the sovereignty, security, interests, diversity of civilizations, history and culture of other countries, and view the peaceful development of other countries objectively and fairly. The two sides expressed grave concern over NATO's continued strengthening of military-security ties with Asia-Pacific countries and the undermining of regional peace and stability. The two sides oppose the patchwork of closed and exclusive bloc structures in the Asia-Pacific region to create bloc politics and camp confrontation. The two sides pointed out that the United States adheres to the Cold War mentality and pursues the "Indo-Pacific Strategy", which has a negative impact on peace and stability in the region. China and Russia are committed to building an equal, open and inclusive Asia-Pacific security system that is not aimed at third countries, so as to maintain regional peace, stability and prosperity.

The two sides believe that maintaining peace and stability in Northeast Asia is in the interests of all parties concerned. The two sides oppose the undermining of regional peace and stability by extraterritorial military forces and call on relevant countries to abandon the Cold War mentality and ideological prejudice, exercise restraint and refrain from taking actions that endanger regional security.

The two sides expressed concern about the situation on the Korean Peninsula and urged all parties concerned to remain calm and exercise restraint, strive to ease the situation, and the US side should respond to the legitimate and reasonable concerns of the DPRK with concrete actions to create conditions for the resumption of dialogue. The two sides have always advocated maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, including the denuclearization of the Peninsula, and jointly advocated the establishment of a peace and security mechanism on the Peninsula. The two sides will continue to communicate and cooperate closely and continuously promote the political settlement process of the Korean Peninsula issue in accordance with the "dual-track" approach and the principle of phased and synchronized progress. The two sides call on all parties concerned to actively echo the joint efforts of China and Russia to promote peace talks and play a constructive role in this process.

The two sides stand for maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East, support regional countries in strengthening their strategic autonomy, resolve hotspot issues through dialogue and consultation, and oppose interference in the internal affairs of regional countries. The two sides welcomed the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran through dialogue and supported a comprehensive and just settlement of the Palestinian issue on the basis of the two-state solution. Support Syria's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and promote a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political settlement package. We stand for safeguarding Libya's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity and promoting a political settlement process led by and owned by the people. The two sides will strengthen communication and docking on their respective Gulf security initiatives and work together to build a collective security architecture in the Gulf region.

The two sides believe that the CSTO has made positive contributions to regional security, and China and the CSTO have potential for cooperation in maintaining regional peace and stability.

The two sides are willing to strengthen cooperation, support Central Asian countries in safeguarding their sovereignty, ensuring national development, and opposing "color revolutions" and interference in regional affairs by external forces.

The two sides will strengthen communication and coordination on African affairs, maintain a good and healthy atmosphere of international cooperation in Africa, support African countries' efforts to resolve African issues independently, and contribute to the cause of peace and development on the African continent. China and Russia will continue to hold consultations on Latin American affairs, strengthen communication and dialogue, attach importance to the development of bilateral relations with Latin American and Caribbean countries, and continue to promote stability and prosperity in the region.

The two sides advocated that the Arctic should continue to be a place of peace, stability and constructive cooperation.

President of the People's Republic of China President of the Russian Federation

Xi Jinping F., V. Putin

Moscow, 21 March 2023
Source: chinanews

(Chapters 5 & 6: This editor's translation with: DeepL.com)


Source: tellerreport.com. IMG: © N/A newsclick.in